Domestic
America Eternal Turns 250
The United States does not hesitate to recall the long-standing nature of diplomatic relations with Madagascar: indeed, an American-Malagasy treaty was signed in Antananarivo on May 13, 1881, which was ratified by the American Senate on February 23, 1883. A Malagasy embassy, led by Foreign Minister Ravoninahitriniarivo, met with Secretary of State Frederick Frelinghuysen in Washington on March 12, 1883, sealing good relations through the exchange of signatures between the two plenipotentiaries. American President Chester Arthur had initialed the treaty two days before receiving the Malagasy embassy. Like the United Kingdom, which sent Princess Royal Anne for the bicentennial of the October 23, 1817 treaty, or Germany, keen to revive the memory of the May 15, 1883 treaty (signed in Berlin in both German and Malagasy), the American Ambassador, on July 1, 2025, chose to evoke this treaty from 145 years ago. On this 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the thirteen original American colonies, it is not insignificant to also place Madagascar's history within a longer timeframe, thus giving true meaning to the formulation of "return or restoration" of independence, regarding June 26, 1960. Our most famous legal document, the Code of 305 Articles, was promulgated on March 29, 1881. Its article 271 established compulsory education for boys and girls aged 8. Let us note, however, that the principle of compulsory education had already been proclaimed in a speech on June 6, 1876. On this 250th anniversary of the birth of the United States of America, I draw largely from two previous chronicles from 2019 (Independence Day) and 2025 (From the Hudson River to California). These times of uncertainty paradoxically reinforce our certainties. The United States remains the planetary beacon of individual freedom, well beyond New York and the mouth of the Hudson. Despite its errors, attributable to circumstantial ideological choices, America permits more freedoms than it restricts, America allows more dreams than nightmares, America leaves the choice of everything, where other regimes forcibly impose the straitjacket and prohibit religious or dietary free will. "My America," America is indeed the USA. Grumbling minds rightly point out that America also concerns Canada but especially this so-called Latin America: this part of the "New World" that in 1507, Swabian cartographer Martin Waldseemüller named after the Florentine navigator Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1522). Beyond the powerful symbol of a speech from Mount Rushmore, what did this declaration of July 4, 1776 essentially say? "The Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united STATES Of AMERICA: When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another (...) We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal, that they were endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for a people to dissolve the political bonds that have attached it to another (...) We hold as self-evident the following truths: all men are created equal, they are endowed by the Creator with certain inalienable rights; among these rights are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (French translation by Thomas Jefferson himself). The three stones of the American foundation will be completed with the adoption of the Constitution and the "Bill of Rights." The opening words of the Constitution offer an example of a text of universal scope which, by its generic reach, can only unite around common sense aspirations: Justice, domestic Tranquility, common defence, general Welfare
Source: L'Express de Madagascar