Maximizing fishery resources, artisanal and industrial fishing in the Atsimo Andrefana region remains a long-term endeavor. This was highlighted during a blue economy conference held at the Atsimo Andrefana Business Week in Toliara, from August 31 to September 6. The region has an extensive coastal zone characterized by a wide continental shelf in the Mozambique Channel. Fish, octopus, lobster, crab, squid fishing, and seaweed and sea cucumber aquaculture constitute the main resources for coastal communities. "It was discussed that the fishing and blue economy sector faces migration pressure from inland communities toward the coast. These people, engaged in agro-pastoral activities and forced to leave the land due to drought, are converting to fishing, believing fishing activities are easy. The consequences are not favorable," explains Faustinato Behivoke, panelist and teacher at the Fisheries and Marine Sciences Institute (IHSM) in Toliara. The constant increase in the number of fishermen represents a major challenge. It was also emphasized that climate change and warming waters are progressively destroying coral barriers, leading to the scarcity of many species in lagoons. "Municipal and provincial roads are not all in good condition, which complicates the transport of certain fishery products. Since the blue economy cannot be separated from tourism, as marine reserves constitute tourist attractions, the debate also covered air transport," continues the researcher-teacher. Mirana Ihariliva