The CUA is taking a strict stance on enforcing municipal hygiene code provisions. Faced with unsanitary conditions and widespread disregard for hygiene rules that have become commonplace in Antananarivo, the Commune urbaine d'Antananarivo (CUA) is toughening its approach by invoking the Municipal Hygiene Code (CMH). Waste accumulation, wastewater discharge in streets, clogged drainage channels—the capital struggles to maintain a healthy living environment. A situation that all Antananarivo residents witness daily and has become almost "normal." The CUA, however, appears determined to change this by announcing sanctions against citizens responsible for such practices. In its approach, the municipal authority intends to enforce the provisions of the Municipal Hygiene Code, five years after its revision and nearly two decades after its implementation in 2013. To say the least, this code establishes strict rules on hygiene and sanitation. As the CUA reminded in its announcement, the code prohibits "the disposal of waste in streets, gutters or channels, as well as the discharge of wastewater in public spaces." It also requires households to "have functional toilets and respect garbage disposal schedules." In case of violation, sanctions consist of fines ranging from 5,000 Ar and potentially reaching several tens of thousands of ariary, accompanied by an obligation to clean the area and restore the environment. In its communication, the CUA has set a fine of 50,000 Ar for violators. Furthermore, in certain cases, compliance is required, failing which municipal intervention will be carried out at the violator's expense. On the ground, however, the enforcement of these sanctions could face real constraints. The lack of infrastructure, particularly in sanitation and waste management, limits residents' ability to comply with regulations. Added to this are economic difficulties that make certain obligations hard to meet. While the CUA relies on firmness to establish collective discipline, the effectiveness of the system will also depend on accompanying measures. Between regulatory requirements and urban realities, the challenge remains significant.