The recent discovery of six confirmed cases of poliomyelitis in the southern part of the island has sent shockwaves through health authorities. Faced with this particularly alarming resurgence of a virus capable of causing irreversible paralysis in young children, the medical response was swift. To immediately halt the transmission chain revealed by these six cases, the first vaccination campaign of 2026 will be deployed from August 11-14. The health offensive will focus primarily on five regions directly threatened by this resurgence: Androy, Anosy, Atsimo-Andrefana, Atsimo-Atsinanana, and Ihorombe. The priority target of this emergency operation includes all children aged 0 to 59 months, totaling an estimated 1,173,000 young children in these vulnerable areas. Measles Regarding measles in the rural commune of Tsatsakely, in Antsirabe II district, where six children under seven years old died, several measures have already been taken by health authorities. Upon receiving the alert, agents from the Ministry of Public Health, supported by officials from the Antsirabe II Public Health District Service, conducted an emergency field investigation. Medical care for patients, active case finding and contact tracing, public awareness campaigns, vaccination status verification, rigorous monitoring of case evolution, and sample collection for laboratory analysis have all been implemented. Investigations and diagnostic tests conducted without delay confirmed the tragic reality: measles is indeed the cause of death of the six young victims.