The Constitutional Court (HCC) has declared Law No. 2026-006, which reorganizes certain downstream petroleum activities, compliant with the Constitution. Through this decision rendered on August 3, 2026, the constitutional judges have given the green light to a flagship measure of the State's new energy policy: direct importation of petroleum products by an entity authorized by the Malagasy State. This reform comes in an international context marked by persistent tensions in the Middle East, which continue to disrupt global energy markets and create uncertainties regarding hydrocarbon supply. For a country like Madagascar, whose fuel needs depend almost entirely on imports, these developments represent a major strategic issue. The government declared a state of energy emergency in July 2026 to guarantee the continuity of national supply and preserve the functioning of essential economic sectors. The creation of this direct import mechanism is part of a new energy policy. The State aims to strengthen the country's energy sovereignty, secure supplies, and reduce the country's vulnerability to international crises. By entrusting an entity authorized by the State with a central role in hydrocarbon imports, the law maintains the sector's openness to private operators. Storage, transport, and distribution activities remain accessible to license holders, who will however be called upon to source primarily from this public entity. The HCC considers this organization proportionate to the objective sought—guaranteeing the country's energy security without undermining freedom of enterprise. The law also provides for a continuity mechanism. Should the authorized entity no longer be able to fulfill its missions, other operators would be authorized to resume direct imports to prevent any supply disruption. The Court validated the regulated access system for strategic infrastructure, finding that it respects operators' rights while meeting public service imperatives.