A World Bank official takes stock of the situation. And what a surprise it is. For now, it's unclear whether this is a mere formality or a genuine assessment, given that a proper audit seems out of reach. In nearly half a century of cooperation with traditional donors, this is a first. It's already a step forward, even if we can't be sure there isn't a rabbit hidden in the hat. We celebrate every time donors disburse astronomical sums and congratulate ourselves on their favor, but the fact remains that since 2019 alone, living conditions have not improved, poverty has not receded, and projects have no impact on the economy. The trade balance remains in deficit, customs revenues fall far short of African minimums, tax revenues remain symbolic, unemployment rates are soaring just like inflation. Despite all this, growth forecasts are positive. Go figure. The Minister of Economy and Finance declared that the disbursement rate of international grants barely reaches 30% and that two billion dollars in projects have not been executed. But even if funds are not used, interest must still be paid. The IMF, for its part, is considering disbursing 183 million dollars if Madagascar meets its commitments. The two donors operate differently. The World Bank releases funds for various projects without worrying about results, while the IMF grants funds conditionally and with a solemn commitment to honor obligations. In both cases, development tends toward negative infinity. In Africa, things are changing. Burkina Faso, under Ibrahim Traoré's leadership since 2022, has turned its back on donors and relies only on its own strength, as President Ratsiraka once wished. And it paid off, as change is visibly palpable and evident in state financial management. But Gabonese President Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, successor to Ali Bongo Odimba since 2023, goes further. He protests against his country's rating by donors while projects remain unfinished, like a 32 km road and water supply to Libreville. "These are debts I did not contract and that were imposed on me," he declared firmly. Projects have never brought development to Africa for the simple reason that they are not productive or only enrich the donors while borrowers are crushed under the weight of debt. What is needed are men with iron fists, with grip and courage to end this situation. For that, considerable political courage is required. Sylvain Ranjalahy