Fraud and candidate substitution continue to plague baccalaureate examinations. Strict measures have been taken against those caught red-handed. A baccalaureate candidate was expelled from an exam center in Antananarivo on Monday for attempted fraud. "This candidate consulted a telephone during the exam," reports a source from Antananarivo University yesterday. This case is not isolated. According to a provisional report from the second day of exams, two candidates—one in Mandoto and another in Mahabo Andoharanofotsy—were caught using mobile phones. Additionally, a smartwatch was confiscated in Faratsiho from a candidate who brought it into the exam room. "This report is not yet complete and we cannot yet generalize," stated Professor Angelo Raherinirina, Director General of Higher Education at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, yesterday. Telephones are strictly prohibited in exam centers. However, mere possession does not warrant expulsion. "Some students bring phones but hand them to the supervisor upon arrival or turn them off and store them in their bags—those face no risk. It is those caught actually using them during the exam who are sanctioned. A candidate is not expelled for simple possession, but for actual use in the room to communicate with the outside. Those caught red-handed do not return once fraud is confirmed. These are attempted fraud cases," clarified the director general. Substitution Phone use in exam centers poses risks of fraud and subject leaks. A candidate can photograph the exam subject and send it to third parties to receive answers in return. Fraud and candidate substitution are multiplying. Yesterday, two candidates from two exam centers in Ambilobe were caught attempting fraud. "The first was found with a cheat sheet filled with mathematical formulas in the morning. The second left for the bathroom during the Malagasy exam in the afternoon. As he took time returning, he was searched, and that's when we discovered pieces of paper containing Malagasy lessons on him," confides a source in Ambilobe. In the same city, a person suspected of replacing a candidate did not return for today's exams while officials continued verification. Another substitution case was also reported in Tsiroanomandidy yesterday. Candidates caught red-handed were excluded from exams. Their files are now in the hands of the Disciplinary Council (Codis), which will rule on their cases.